Avances en la caracterización experimental de canales UAV-A-infraestructura en bandas de 5G
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26507/paper.3237Palabras clave:
Wireless communication, Channel models, Unmanned aircraft systems, Propagation measurementsResumen
El crecimiento de las aplicaciones de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) es innegable, ya que sus potencialidades han aumentado significativamente. Los sistemas UAV requieren comunicaciones confiables para controlar la navegación o transmitir datos confidenciales, lo que se vuelve crucial para el desarrollo de la tecnología UAV. Los sistemas de comunicaciones utilizan el canal inalámbrico para propagar un frente de onda entre el transmisor/receptor y el vehículo que puede obstruirse o desvanecerse. El desvanecimiento es causado por fenómenos de propagación, reflexiones, difracciones, dispersión y las características del escenario de propagación produciendo efectos multicamino y Doppler, dando lugar a sistemas de desvanecimiento selectivo tiempo-frecuencia y sistemas de desvanecimiento de dispersión en tiempo-frecuencia, que afectan a la señal transmitida por el canal. Comúnmente, la obstrucción se produce por la dispersión de objetos en el suelo, como edificios, la orografía del terreno y por la propia estructura del UAV.
Los modelos de propagación permiten el desarrollo y selección de los sistemas de comunicación óptimos para cada aplicación. Proponer modelos de propagación es fundamental para lograr una caracterización adecuada del canal de comunicación para comprender su comportamiento. Las caracterizaciones de canales se pueden realizar a través de análisis teóricos o con simulaciones electromagnéticas computarizadas. Sin embargo, las caracterizaciones más confiables usan medidas experimentales en el campo para validar modelos teóricos o simulados.
Este trabajo muestra el avance que han tenido los modelos de pérdidas de propagación desarrollados a través de la caracterización experimental de un canal de comunicación inalámbrico entre un UAV y una infraestructura terrestre. También se muestran los trabajos de implementación de sondas de canal en bandas bajas y medias de 5G.
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