Análisis de deserción y permanencia: impacto de las cargas laborales y familiares en la facultad de ingeniería
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26507/paper.4603Palabras clave:
Deserción universitaria, Género y roles de cuidado, Estrategias de mentoría, Inclusión académicaResumen
La investigación aborda aspectos de rendimiento y desempeño de estudiantes, en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Antioquia, que combinan sus estudios con tareas de cuidado y/o trabajo remunerado. Basándose en una caracterización de 7,631 alumnos, se encontró que el 48% se enfoca únicamente en el estudio (SE), mientras que el 43% trabaja (Trab) y un 5% asume responsabilidades de cuidado familiar u otros tipos de cuidado (CuidF/CuidNF, respectivamente) o ambas (TrabCuidF/CuidNF). Los hallazgos indican que los alumnos con varios roles muestran promedios académicos más bajos (3,12 en TrabCuidNF) en comparación con aquellos que solo estudian (3,65) o solo cuidan (3,66). Adicionalmente, existen diferencias geográficas, ya que en programas regionales y virtuales predominan los estudiantes empleados (59% y 68%, respectivamente), mientras que en el campus central de Medellín predomina el perfil de dedicación exclusiva al estudio (60%). Además, una mayor educación en los padres de los y las estudiantes incide en que puedan centrarse en lo académico o trabajar por opción, no por necesidad. La investigación permite visibilizar la importancia de la inclusión de aspectos como la localización geográfica, la modalidad (presencial/virtual) y los roles de cuidado, con el fin de mejorar espacios de orientación, de formación curricular con transformaciones metodológicas, y acompañamiento en el proceso de adaptabilidad académica que reduzcan los riesgos de abandono y bajo desempeño.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI
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