Capital intelectual en instituciones de educación superior: una revisión exploratoria de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26507/paper.4406Palabras clave:
Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), Capital Intelectual, Gestión de CalidadResumen
Este documento presenta una revisión exploratoria de literatura, tomando documentos de 2020 a 2024 y desarrollada con el propósito de comprender el rol del capital intelectual (CI) en las instituciones de educación superior (IES). Se ha determinado que el CI es un impulsor crucial de la innovación, particularmente en los sistemas de educación superior y que, además, proporciona un marco para identificar y evaluar las fortalezas y debilidades de una IES. En el contexto universitario, se destaca el papel del CI en la creación de competencias investigativas, competencias de gestión tecnológica y de conocimiento y competencias para la cooperación inter-intradepartamental.
El capital intelectual puede entenderse como la combinación de actividades y recursos intangibles de una institución que le permite transformar recursos materiales, financieros y humanos, en un sistema capaz de crear valor. Y este generalmente se compone de tres dimensiones: capital humano (CH), capital estructural (CE) y capital relacional (CR).
La revisión reveló que, al medir y gestionar su CI, las IES pueden identificar áreas específicas que requieren mejoras y tomar decisiones estratégicas informadas para optimizar su desempeño en cada uno de sus ejes misionales: la docencia, la investigación y la extensión; lo que posiciona al CI como un medio para gestionar la calidad de los ejes misionales de las IES. Se resalta especialmente la relevancia de factores de capital humano como “Calidad de la enseñanza” y “Calidad del cuerpo docente” para medir y gestionar el primer eje misional de las IES, la docencia. De esta manera, el CI también sirve como una guía para alinear los recursos, las capacidades y las actividades de una IES con su misión y objetivos.
Sin embargo, se sugiere que futuros estudios aborden el impacto que tiene cada dimensión de CI en la calidad de los ejes misionales de las IES, de forma específica; puesto que los documentos examinados evidencian un enfoque centrado en la dimensión humana y en menor medida de las demás dimensiones, especialmente de la dimensión relacional a pesar de coincidir en la importancia integral de cada una de las dimensiones para este contexto.
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