Una mirada hacia los contaminantes emergentes “microplásticos” en Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26507/paper.2509Palabras clave:
Microplástico, Colombia, Sostenibilidad, ContaminaciónResumen
Los plásticos se han convertido en materiales indispensables para la sociedad por sus múltiples aplicaciones, y debido a su producción, consumo e inadecuada disposición final se ha transformado en un problema de alta precedencia en la última década. Los residuos plásticos en el medio natural son expuestos a procesos bióticos y abióticos, convirtiéndolos en materiales frágiles que generan su fragmentación en partículas progresivamente más pequeñas llamadas microplásticos (menores a 5 milímetros), volviéndose un contaminante emergente en el medio ambiente, debido a que se encuentran distribuidos en componentes ambientales (agua, sedimento, atmosfera y biota). Esta investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar información sobre el estado del arte de los microplásticos (características, fuentes de contaminación, efectos) y conocer los diferentes estudios realizados en Colombia frente a la temática. Se realizó una búsqueda detallada de artículos científicos con informaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de microplásticos en Colombia, los cuales han abarcado los departamentos de Atlántico, Magdalena, Córdoba, Bolívar, La Guajira, Nariño y Valle del Cauca. Esta investigación permitirá tener una perspectiva de los microplásticos, identificar los desafíos y realidades del país frente a estos contaminantes emergentes, buscando aportar información para el fortalecimiento de estrategias ambientales basadas en la protección y conservación del medio ambiente, para reducir y prevenir la contaminación por plásticos, de esta manera se contribuirá al derecho de los colombianos de un ambiente sano y a algunos Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible, como agua limpia y saneamiento, acción por el clima, vida submarina y vida de ecosistemas terrestres.
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